International E-publication: Publish Projects, Dissertation, Theses, Books, Souvenir, Conference Proceeding with ISBN.  International E-Bulletin: Information/News regarding: Academics and Research

Revealing the uncertainty of Evolution of Homo sapiens from the group of Apes

    ,

Author Affiliations

  • 1 Chemical and Bioprocess Engineering Laboratory, School of Biotechnology, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar-751024, INDIA
  • 2Institute of Cybernetics Systems and Information Technology, Kolkata-700108, INDIA

Res. J. Recent Sci., Volume 3, Issue (11), Pages 110-115, November,2 (2014)

Abstract

It has been a subject of debate that how primates/apes evolved into Homo sapiens, but interestingly there is a ‘common ancestor’ of all great ‘Apes’. This ‘common ancestor’ not only evolved into the most advanced ape: - ‘Homo sapiens’ but also evolved into the ‘advanced apes’ (Chimpanzee, Gorilla, and Orangutan). The evolutionary paradigm of human evolution is often explained by ‘evolutionary biologist’ as an outcome of Darwinian concept of Natural Selection. According to Darwin’s concept the fittest organism survives which is popularly known as “Survival of the Fittest”. So if human evolution is a function of Natural Selection then the complexity needs critical determination that how come all the species that evolved from the common ancestors at the same time still survives? Hence as Darwin’s concept of natural selection doesn’t support the phenomenal condition we do say “Charles Darwin Needs Revision”, we can predict that all the primates that have developed from the common ancestor are fit for survival in the present condition. Hence the complexion uncertainty that needs attention is to solve the mystery which leads to the evolution and survival of all the different form of the primates and categorically selecting them as members of varying advanced groups. The anomaly can be explained by the logic of mutation and application of the theory of Gregorian (Mendellian)-Morganian genetics. To solve the complexity a theoretical-genetics approach has been discussed in this paper is justified, proposing Sinha-Tripathy modification of Darwin’s theory of Natural Selection.

References

  1. Lewin R., Human Evolution : An Illustrated Introduction. BlackwellPublishing: Blackwell Publishing Ltd. (1984)
  2. Majumder DD., Cybernetics and general systems—A unitary science, Kybernetes, 8, 7–15 (1979)
  3. Dawkins R, Meet my cousin, the chimpanzee, New Scientist, 138, 36–38, (1993)
  4. Dawkins R, Good strategy or evolutionarily stable strategy, In Barlow, G.W. and Silverberg, J. Sociobiology : Beyond Nature/Nurture? Colorado : Westview Press, 331–337, (1980)
  5. Darwin C., The Origin of Species, (1872)
  6. Haldane J.B.S., A mathematical theory of natural and artificial selection, Part 111. Proc. Cambridge Phil. Soc, 23, 363-372, (1926)
  7. HaldaneJ.B.S., Theoretical genetics of autopolyploids., J. Genet., 22, 359-372 (1930)
  8. Haldane, J.B.S, The relation between density regulation and natural selection, Proc. Roy. Soc B,145, 306-308, (1956)
  9. Fisher R.A, The Genetical theory of Natural Selection. Oxford: Clarendon Press, (1930)
  10. Dawkins R., Evolutionary biology. The eye in a twinkling, Nature, 368 (6473) , 690–691, (1994)
  11. Dawkins R, The Selfish Gene, Oxford: Oxford University Press, (1976)
  12. Alles D.L. and Stevenson J.C, Teaching Human Evolution., The American Biology Teacher, 65(5), 333-339, (2003)
  13. HaldaneB.S, A mathematical theory of natural and artificial selection, Part IX. Proc. Cambridge Phil. Soc, 28,244-248, (1932)
  14. Lieberman D.E, Homing in on early Homo. Nature, 449, 291-292, (2007)
  15. Majumder DD, The Quest for a science of mind consciousness and reality, (2013)
  16. Majumder DD and Roy PK, Cancer self-remission and tumor instability: A cybernetic analysis: Toward a fresh paradigm for cancer treatment, Kybernetes, 29,.896–927, (2000)
  17. Zeuner F.F, The Pleistocene Period. London: Ray Society Monograph, (1945)
  18. Dawkins R., The Extended Phenotype. Oxford : Oxford University Press., (1982)
  19. Dawkins R, The Ancestor's Tale, Boston: Houghton Mifflin, (2004)
  20. Fisher R.A, The Evolution of Dominance, Biol. Rev. 6, 345-368, (1931)
  21. The website of the US National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI): www. ncbi. nlm. nih. gov/ About/primer/phylo.html., (2014)
  22. http://users.rcn.com/jkimball.ma.ultranet/BiologyPages/T/Taxonomy.html#PhylogeneticTrees., (2014)